Harrapa

Harappa, a prehistoric Pakistani archeological site The government of Punjab has launched a number of noteworthy projects aimed at promoting and safeguarding the Harappan archeological monuments. The ancient archeological site in Pakistan known as the Indus Valley Civilization, or Harappan Civilization, is credited with serving as the hub of the earliest urban culture on the Indian subcontinent. The Punjab province's western Sahiwal region is home to the Harappan archaeological site. The Indus Valley Civilization's mother location is another name for it. Today, the sparsely populated village of Harappa is situated close to the ancient city's ruins. 6000 BC is when the Harappan civilization first emerged. Two significant cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, are the principal components of the Indus Valley Civilization. They are currently situated in Punjab's and Sindh's respective provinces. Additionally, more than 400 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been found so far. It seems that this civilization flourished about 2500-1700 BC. The civilization was first found in 1921 during an excavation in Harappa, Punjab; Mohenjo-Daro was found in Sindh province two years later. Both historic cities were listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 1980. These urban cities featured a variety of economic and social systems, as evidenced by the remnants of the Harappan civilization. Additionally, the dig reveals evidence of what may have been a writing system used by the people who lived in these ancient towns

The evolution and development of the numerous arts, crafts, and technologies of the Harappan civilization were explored through a series of subsequent study projects. Different theories that attempt to explain the collapse of the Harappan civilization are contested by scholars. Aryans may have conquered the ancient towns, according to some. On the other hand, some suggested that distinct elements of climate change were to blame for the collapse. At the moment, Harappa is the only Indus Valley Civilization site that offers a comprehensive chronology spanning from 3500 to 1500 BC. Nearly 175 acres make up the entire area of the archeological remains, which are protected under the Antiquities Act of 1975. Many people have helped with the excavation of the Harappan archaeological site since 1920. Daya Ram Shani started the initial excavation in 1921 and carried it out until 1925. Madho Sarup Vats worked at the site until 1934, after 1926. Subsequently, in 1937, K.N. Shastri contributed to the site's excavation. The trenches at the location were built by Sir REM Wheeler between 1944 and 1946. Dr. M. Rafique Mughal conducted excavations in Harappa in 1964–1966, following Pakistan's independence. The Pakistani Mission conducted more excavations between 1992 and 1994. Dr. George F. Dales served as the expedition leader for the American Archaeological Mission's 1986–2007 archaeological investigation in Harappa, which was conducted in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan. Furthermore, in 1926, a modest site museum was created at the Harappa site to display the artifacts found during the excavations. In 1967, the museum relocated to its current location to allow for a more appropriate scientific display. From an instructional standpoint, the current exhibit is really impressive. Steatite seals, copper tablets, sealings, pottery, stone tools, sculptures, weights, copper artifacts, jewelry, toys, figurines, and human bones are among the items. In addition, objects from Kot Diji, Amri, and Mohenjo-Daro have been exhibited to highlight the diversity and similarity of Harappan culture.

In order to promote and preserve the Harappan archaeological sites, the Directorate General of Archaeology and Tourism Department, Punjab, has recently taken a number of important steps. However, a number of initiatives are being developed to attract tourists to this archaeological site. For the purpose of preserving an archaeological site, the Tourism Department recently purchased land (315 kanals) from the neighborhood. A boundary wall that preserved several remnants of the Harappan civilization was built subsequent to land acquisition. The efforts of the Tourism Department have also resulted in the construction of an auditorium that can accommodate 120 people. Simultaneously, the province has constructed roads, water channels, and seating arrangements to aid in the promotion of tourism.